Publication Type. More Filters. Legal evaluation of the attacks caused by artificial intelligence-based lethal weapon systems within the context of Rome statute. Computer Science, Political Science. Law Secur. War-Algorithm Accountability. Abstract : Throughout history many new weapon technologies have been introduced into combat prior to a full evaluation or understanding of the doctrinal, legal, and ethical implications of their use.
Abstract : Imagine the face of warfare with autonomous robotics: Instead of our soldiers returning home in flag-draped caskets to heartbroken families, autonomous robots-mobile machines that can make … Expand. Abstract : The use of unmanned autonomous weapons robots and other unmanned weapon systems on the battlefield is rapidly expanding. Autonomous weapons will influence the way in which the United … Expand. While modern states may never cease to wage war against one another, they have recognized moral restrictions on how they conduct those wars.
Abstract : Ever since the first human tribe went to war with its neighboring human tribe, warfare has been a human experience. Authors through the ages have captured their observations of this … Expand. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up.
Download Free PDF. Military robots of the present and the future. Gerald Mies. Gaurav Khade. A short summary of this paper. Many basic technologies, which were used in the military for the first time, have become part of the industrial robot today.
However, the definition of military robotics and industrial robotics is still very different. The military has specific, robotized equipment, whereas, in industrial terms, the robot is more of an intelligent, flexible, mass production machine. In the future, the use of industrial robots for military applications will become ever more possible. Price and development of the technical abilities of the modern robot will increase the interest of military users.
In the following article, the author will indicate that the motivation for the use of robots, within the military and within industry, is the replacement of humans. The reasons for this replacement are, as follows: quality, cost and humanization; however, using a different approach in each field, of course. Introduction and literature overview Both industrial and military robots share a common history, which began centuries ago.
The use of automatic devices was first recognized at the end of the 19 th Century. His book deals with the history, as well as with the various applications within the military context and with the question of how warfare has been and will be influenced by the use of robots. Similarly, LELE6 makes suggestions on how technology can be used in military contexts. Still, there are works that deal with the conflict between machines on the one hand and moral aspects on the other. Literature can only conclude from recent projects what the future of military robots will look like.
It is quite clear that the military has their own understanding of robots, since they do not discuss humanoids, but, instead, devices that support military actions by performing certain tasks automatically.
Singer explores momentary research and gives his conclusions on what military robots will be like in the future. SZABOLCSI7 gave methodology of the derivation of the critical parameters of the human operators manipulating spatial motion of UAVs and in Reference 8 a complex stochastic mathematical model of the disturbances affecting aircraft motion is derived and proposed for further applications.
First military equipment with robot related abilities During the 19th and 20 th Centuries, the evolution of robots has proven to be useful in many fields of life. It was only a question of time until the military would use robotic applications for their own purposes. Advances in computer programming enabled engineers to build constructions that could fulfill things, which were not previously possible.
In his chapter on the history of robots, Singer notes that, Thomas A. Edison and Nikola Tesla were the first to think about military applications. Both men worked on the transmission of electricity and experimented with radio-control devices. Tesla was the one who presented his idea of remote-controlled torpedoes to the U. The vehicle was able to follow a light source, which can be seen as a precursor to laser control.
The vehicle was supposed to carry one thousand pounds of explosives behind enemy lines. Caterpillar Tractors built a prototype just before the war ended. The first prototypes of missiles, equipped with preset gyroscopes and barometers, were also built around this time. The so-called Kettering bugs could fly a distance of fifty miles before destroying their target. However, these devices did not have any major effect to the fighting.
Germany was the first nation to use remote controlled weapons on a wider scale. On sea, they defended their lines with unmanned boats, carrying explosives. In World War II, Germany again pioneered in the use of robotic devices; their land torpedo, Goliath, is one of the best known. Its size was comparable to a go-kart and was controlled by remote into enemy tanks and bunkers, carrying pounds of explosives.
Goliath, World War II www. The rocket was not only the first aircraft to reach space, but the flight was automatically controlled by the LEV-3 guidance system. A horizontal and a vertical gyroscope, connected to the steering vanes, were responsible for lateral stabilization and a gyroscopic accelerometer cut off the engine, with the help of an electrolytic integrator.
The developers have very well taken care of this aspect. Most of the military robots are remotely controlled by a human. And if someone has gone crazy then there is a reset button which clear there memory and they again come back to normal state.
But with the development in artificial intelligence and military robots , there should be greater attention to implicate their ability to make autonomous decision. Today military robots use very sophisticated and advance technology for operations.
They use different technologies for reconnaissance , guidance and weaponry. GPS is based on satellite connections and is even used in mobile phones. The fiber optics is a hi-tech and hi-speed communication system especially used by defense. LIDARs are based on laser communication and nowadays used by traffic police to detect over speeding vehicles. The robots are mainly used for reconnaissance purposes but they can also carry lethal and non-lethal weapons like AGM Hellfire missiles, M saw machine guns, ammo can, bomb diffusal kits, grenades, etc.
Military robots come in different shapes and sizes as per the task they are designated for. In the development of military robots, we can consider US Mechatronics which has created or developed a working automated sentry gun and is presently developing it further for commercial as well as military use.
This robot is outfitted with many cameras, radar, and a firearm that performs arbitrary patrols around a military base automatically. Their design is also task specific like, predator is for surveillance and attack from air so it is more like an airplane while TALON is for attack from ground so it is more like an armoured tank. There are three popular classes of military robots i.
UGVs i. Unmanned Ground Vehicle are those which attack from ground. They have various sensors, cameras, arms mounted on them. The UGV like big-dog has been devised as four legged bot it can carry heavy loads that were used to be carried by soldiers.
It has capability to carry load on uneven terrain. Robots like packbots are so compact, light and robust that army can carry them on their back. Packbot manufacturer iRobot says Packbot can move more than 8 mph 13 kph , can be deployed in minutes and can withstand a 6-foot 1.
Its design alows it to flip also. It is manufactured by Foster Miller. It weighs less than lbs 45 kg in its base configuration. Versatility has been designed into the TALON as well, with multiple possible configurations available that adapt the robot to the situation at hand. The UAVs are those which are used from air.
The military uses several different flying robots, mainly for reconnaissance. UAVs look like model aircraft, and they range in size from small planes that can be held by a person and launched with a good throw, like the FQM Pointer, to full-size airplanes that operate by remote control, like the RQ-4A Global Hawk.
RQ-4A Global Hawk. Global Hawk Specifications. FQM Pointer. Pointer Specifications. The next class is UUVs i. These marvels have capabilities to be operated underwater.
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